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TIME: Almanac 1993
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1992-09-23
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BEHAVIOR, Page 105REHABILITATING SEX
The erotic is no longer taboo in the media or in schools. But a
tradition of silence does not die so easily
A button on sale at Moscow's Izmailovo open-air market not
long ago neatly captured the country's traditional attitude
toward sex: IN THE SOVIET UNION, THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS SEX.
As far as public discussion is concerned, the statement is not
far from wrong. The U.S.S.R. has long been a society that is not
just puritanical but almost completely ignorant about sexuality.
The typical Soviet woman has nine abortions not because of
liberal attitudes but because the procedure is a substitute for
contraception, which is essentially unavailable. Says Igor Kon,
a founding father of Soviet sociology and the nation's leading
-- and perhaps only -- sexologist: "If you want to imagine the
atmosphere in the Soviet Union, imagine a world before Kinsey
-- even before Freud."
But the very fact that the button is available at all is a
sign that those attitudes are beginning to change. The Soviets
seem determined to make up for lost time. In the past year as
never before, TV shows have been alluding unashamedly to sex and
even offering occasional nudity, while films have had explicit
sex scenes. Last December at an erotic-art exposition in Moscow,
a woman was covered in whipped cream and men in the audience
were invited to lick it off; the scene was later shown on
late-night TV. The capital even boasts its first touch of Times
Square raunch, at the Tramway Workers' House of Culture, which
last month began playing host three nights a week to a nude
revue featuring a striptease and a simulated sex act.
Magazines such as Soviet Photo and Ogonyok are publishing
erotic pictures, and there is a publication called Moscow
Personals. Kon's own textbook, An Introduction to Sexology,
became available in the Soviet Union last year, more than a
decade after it was first published in Eastern Europe. Already
half a million copies of the Soviet edition are in print. An
explicit sex manual, Advice to Young Couples, is a best seller
at bookstalls.
The new openness is not just a media phenomenon. The Moscow
City Consultation on Family and Marriage recently opened its
doors, offering advice to the general public. The Family and
Health Association, a voluntary organization, has applied for
membership in International Planned Parenthood. Sex education,
offered for the first time in just a few schools in the early
1980s, is now supposed to be part of a course on marriage and
family life required in all Soviet high schools.
Like many aspects of glasnost, however, actual reform of
government attitudes toward sex is lagging behind the change in
official doctrine. Three years after sex education became
mandatory in schools, barely any instructors are qualified to
teach it. Those assigned to do so are often too embarrassed even
to use animals to illustrate their points. Instead, they talk
about sexual reproduction in plants or avoid the topic
altogether. The effect is that many schools essentially have no
sex education at all. Though that is mostly the result of sheer
backwardness, some of the delay also stems from active
opposition. Just as in the U.S., those against sex education
have accused its proponents of conspiring to undermine the
morals of youth.
While ignorance still reigns, little remains that is
actually taboo except male homosexuality. Those accused of the
practice face three years in prison for a first offense. The
handful who test positive for the AIDS virus and then have sex
can get eight years.
Nonetheless, Kon is encouraged that things are changing a
little. He finds that younger people are maturing earlier and
learning more and that women's sexuality, which was previously
denied, is starting to be acknowledged. At the same time, men's
total authority is starting to crack. Kon even intends to have
the word sexism added to the next edition of the Encyclopedia
of Philosophy.
In the meantime, Kon, now at the Institute for Ethnography,
hopes to use his new status as a member of the Soviet Academy
of Pedagogical Sciences to keep pushing for change. At Kon's
urging, the April issue of the magazine Semya (Family) will
begin to run a translation of the no-holds-barred French
children's sexual-instruction book La Vie Sexuelle (The Sexual
Life). Three different publications this year will include
excerpts from the works of Freud. "Readers will be enchanted,"
Kon says. "They will think it is the latest thing." Perhaps, he
suggests, the excerpts should be accompanied by scholarly
introductions to let readers know what has happened in the
intervening decades.