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- BEHAVIOR, Page 105REHABILITATING SEX
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- The erotic is no longer taboo in the media or in schools. But a
- tradition of silence does not die so easily
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-
- A button on sale at Moscow's Izmailovo open-air market not
- long ago neatly captured the country's traditional attitude
- toward sex: IN THE SOVIET UNION, THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS SEX.
- As far as public discussion is concerned, the statement is not
- far from wrong. The U.S.S.R. has long been a society that is not
- just puritanical but almost completely ignorant about sexuality.
- The typical Soviet woman has nine abortions not because of
- liberal attitudes but because the procedure is a substitute for
- contraception, which is essentially unavailable. Says Igor Kon,
- a founding father of Soviet sociology and the nation's leading
- -- and perhaps only -- sexologist: "If you want to imagine the
- atmosphere in the Soviet Union, imagine a world before Kinsey
- -- even before Freud."
-
- But the very fact that the button is available at all is a
- sign that those attitudes are beginning to change. The Soviets
- seem determined to make up for lost time. In the past year as
- never before, TV shows have been alluding unashamedly to sex and
- even offering occasional nudity, while films have had explicit
- sex scenes. Last December at an erotic-art exposition in Moscow,
- a woman was covered in whipped cream and men in the audience
- were invited to lick it off; the scene was later shown on
- late-night TV. The capital even boasts its first touch of Times
- Square raunch, at the Tramway Workers' House of Culture, which
- last month began playing host three nights a week to a nude
- revue featuring a striptease and a simulated sex act.
-
- Magazines such as Soviet Photo and Ogonyok are publishing
- erotic pictures, and there is a publication called Moscow
- Personals. Kon's own textbook, An Introduction to Sexology,
- became available in the Soviet Union last year, more than a
- decade after it was first published in Eastern Europe. Already
- half a million copies of the Soviet edition are in print. An
- explicit sex manual, Advice to Young Couples, is a best seller
- at bookstalls.
-
- The new openness is not just a media phenomenon. The Moscow
- City Consultation on Family and Marriage recently opened its
- doors, offering advice to the general public. The Family and
- Health Association, a voluntary organization, has applied for
- membership in International Planned Parenthood. Sex education,
- offered for the first time in just a few schools in the early
- 1980s, is now supposed to be part of a course on marriage and
- family life required in all Soviet high schools.
-
- Like many aspects of glasnost, however, actual reform of
- government attitudes toward sex is lagging behind the change in
- official doctrine. Three years after sex education became
- mandatory in schools, barely any instructors are qualified to
- teach it. Those assigned to do so are often too embarrassed even
- to use animals to illustrate their points. Instead, they talk
- about sexual reproduction in plants or avoid the topic
- altogether. The effect is that many schools essentially have no
- sex education at all. Though that is mostly the result of sheer
- backwardness, some of the delay also stems from active
- opposition. Just as in the U.S., those against sex education
- have accused its proponents of conspiring to undermine the
- morals of youth.
-
- While ignorance still reigns, little remains that is
- actually taboo except male homosexuality. Those accused of the
- practice face three years in prison for a first offense. The
- handful who test positive for the AIDS virus and then have sex
- can get eight years.
-
- Nonetheless, Kon is encouraged that things are changing a
- little. He finds that younger people are maturing earlier and
- learning more and that women's sexuality, which was previously
- denied, is starting to be acknowledged. At the same time, men's
- total authority is starting to crack. Kon even intends to have
- the word sexism added to the next edition of the Encyclopedia
- of Philosophy.
-
- In the meantime, Kon, now at the Institute for Ethnography,
- hopes to use his new status as a member of the Soviet Academy
- of Pedagogical Sciences to keep pushing for change. At Kon's
- urging, the April issue of the magazine Semya (Family) will
- begin to run a translation of the no-holds-barred French
- children's sexual-instruction book La Vie Sexuelle (The Sexual
- Life). Three different publications this year will include
- excerpts from the works of Freud. "Readers will be enchanted,"
- Kon says. "They will think it is the latest thing." Perhaps, he
- suggests, the excerpts should be accompanied by scholarly
- introductions to let readers know what has happened in the
- intervening decades.
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